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不論世界上哪一支麥克風都離不開這三個組件組成
– A Diaphragm
– A Transducer
– A Casing
而麥克風的作用就是將Acoustic Vibrations (Air Pressure)轉換成Electrical Energy(Current)。
*關於麥克風的構造和運作,Microphone Handbook 有超詳細的講解,小弟都費事係度班門弄斧!
麥克風主要分為三大類
1. Dynamic Microphone
好處:襟撞、耐用、較為便宜、對濕度的敏感較低、不需額外電源
壞處:高頻漸減(通常10K)
例子:Shure SM58, SM57, SM7B
2. Ribbon Microphone
好處:較Flat 的Frequency Response 、高頻部份亦比Dynamic更有延伸、不需額外電源
壞處:較易損壞、相對上較貴、需要更大的Gain (較為難推)
例子:RCA 44-BX
3. Condenser Microphone
好處:frequency response 最為完整(20-20k)、亦能保留更多的Harmonic response、較敏感和仔細
壞處:較貴、需要額外電源而運作(phantom power)、較易損壞、即使相同型號的咪也容易有少許不同的音色、容易受到濕度和溫度影響
例子:U87 Ai, Km184, DPA 4099
最後都係嗰句,冇話最好嘅咪只有最適合嘅咪。睇返自己實際用途同埋鍾意嘅質感、音色去衡量買邊一支咪!
“To me a microphone is like a color that a painter selects from his palette. You pick the colors that you want to use.”—Eddie Kramer
下一篇分享吓點樣睇Microphone Specifications,希望大家都識揀自己啱用嘅咪,跟住就喺MLI Audio 大出血,多謝老闆!